STRATEGIES OF ACCESS TO WATER IN THE BRAZILIAN SEMI-ARID: A CASE STUDY IN THE COASTAL WATERSHED - CE, BRAZIL

Abstract

Access to water is a public right guaranteed by law n° 9433/1997; however, this right has become a problem when it comes to its concession, due to the water dynamics of the semi-arid environment. The space-time rainfall variation affects the condition of access to water, generating a process of scarcity and water crisis. The objective of this study is to analyze the strategies of access to water through the drilling of wells and the construction of dams in the semi-arid region of Ceará. Develop spatial analysis through the Geographic Information System-GIS, aiming to contribute with information on the understanding of the problem of water scarcity. The methodology used is a systemic approach associated with empirical understanding, following the operational development in bibliographic and literary review, analysis of the situation of water scarcity and the application of GIS in the construction of geospatial information. The results are represented in the spatial dynamics of the dams and wells as alternatives for public and social policies to face the condition of the drought phenomenon and the consequence of the water scarcity of the communities, the cartographic products are associated with a scale of 1:550,000 and represent the dimension of 8,619 km² of the coastal watershed. As considerations, it was observed that the supply of water is regulated by federal legislation, and the situation of water scarcity is strategically alleviated with the policy of drilling wells by the State, however, this condition needs to be understood as an intergovernmental aspect.