RISCOS AMBIENTAIS DA EXTRACÇÃO DE CARVÃO MINERAL A CÉU ABERTO EM MOÇAMBIQUE: ESTUDO DAS COMUNIDADES CIRCUNVIZINHA DA MINERADORA JINDAL, DISTRITO DE MARARA, PROVÍNCIA DE TETE

Abstract

The study was conducted in the Marara district, where open-pit coal mining has caused significant environmental impacts. The company's social responsibility toward the local community has proven insufficient, leading to conflicts, particularly regarding the extraction and transportation processes of coal. Every day, numerous toxic elements are released into the atmosphere, polluting the air and severely affecting the population living in the surrounding areas. The situation is critical, as the explosions associated with mining activities and their environmental consequences pose serious risks that could become catastrophic if urgent and effective measures are not taken by health, environmental, and governmental authorities at both provincial and central levels. In addition to air pollution, mining activities also compromise water quality, a vital resource for the population's survival. This is one of the most severe issues caused by mining, highlighting the urgent need to implement better environmental management practices within the extractive industry to protect the rights of the local community.This article aims to objectively describe the observations and studies carried out by different authors on this topic, providing an explanatory analysis of the processes involved in coal mining.