GILGAI MICRORELIEF MORPHOLOGY IN THE CAICÓ – RN REGION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56346/Journal_Semiarid_ijsa.v5i5.139Keywords:
morphology, Caicó, GilgaiAbstract
The Gilgai microrelief is characterized as a succession of alternating micromounds and depressions, in soils rich in expansive clays (2:1). Its genesis is related to successive cycles of wetting and drying, especially pronounced under conditions of imperfectly or poorly drained soils. There are still many gaps in the literature on the genesis, evolution and dynamics of the processes involved in areas with Gilgais in Brazil, so studies aimed at understanding their patterns of occurrence are necessary. Thus, the aim of this study is a morphological characterization of Gilgais, in the Potiguar semi-arid region, to verify the hypothesis of homogeneity of its patterns of regional occurrence. The analyzed data refer to two sampling sites, where a total of 120 micro-reliefs were measured, in relation to their height, width and distance between micromounds. Descriptive statistical analysis and ANOVA analysis of variance were applied to the data, seeking to understand the patterns of occurrence of microreliefs. The Gilgai microreliefs observed in the two sampling sites present morphological patterns specific to each site, and differ in some aspects. In both places studied, the micro-reliefs were classified as isometric shapes with no defined orientation. However, in terms of height, width and distance between micromounds, the two sampling sites present statistically significant differences, demonstrated through the analysis of variance of the ANOVA statistical test. This indicates that despite having similar shapes, the size proportions and spacing patterns of the micro-reliefs found in each location are different, ruling out the hypothesis of homogeneous patterns of regional occurrence.
References
AHMAD, N. Occurrence and distribution of Vertisols. In: AHMAD, N.; MERMUT, A. (Eds.) Vertisols and technologies for their management. Elsevier. Amsterdam. p. 1–41, 1996.
ANA - AGÊNCIA NACIONAL DAS ÁGUAS –. Programa de desenvolvimento sustentável e convivência com o Semi-Árido Potiguar: Relatório de Avaliação Ambiental (RAA). Natal: Secretaria de Estado de Recursos Hídricos, p. 132, 2005.
ARAÚJO, S. A.; GURGEL, H. C. B.; NASCIMENTO, R. S. S. Indicadores do desenvolvimento gonadal e nutricional de Prochilodus cearensis (Steindachner, 1911)(Characiformes, Prochilodontidae) no açude Itans/Caicó, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Acta Scientiarum Biological Sciences, v. 25, n. 2, p. 377-384, 2003.
AYDINALP, C. Some important properties and classification of vertisols under Mediterranean climate. African Journal of Agricutural Reserch, v.5, n.6, p. 449- 452, 2010.
COSTA, J. C. S. Caracterização geológica e geomorfológica da porção sul do município de Caicó/RN, com base em imagens de sensores remotos ativos e passivos. Relatório de Pesquisa (Geologia), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, p. 23, 2006.
EMBRAPA. Sistema brasileiro de classificação de solos. Brasília, DF: Embrapa. 5. ed. p. 355 .2018.
FAO. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014: International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps. Rome: FAO, p.1-191. 2014.
FLORINSKY, I. V.; ARLASHINA, H. A. Quantitative topographic analysis of gilgai soil morphology. Geoderma, v. 82, n. 4, p. 359-380, 1998.
HOLLANDA, M. H. B. M.; ARCHANJO, C. J.; SOUZA, L. C.; DUNYI, L.; ARMSTRONG, R. Longlived Paleoproterozoic granitic magmatism in the Seridó-Jaguaribe domain, Borborema Province-NE Brazil. Journal of South American Earth Sciences. n.32, p. 287–300, 2011.
HOWARD, A. Crab-hole, gilgai and self mulching soils of the Murrumbidgee irrigation area. Pedology, n. 8, p. 14-16, 1932.
IBGE - Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Manual técnico de pedologia. 3a edição, Rio de janeiro, p. 425, 2015.
IDEC - Instituto de Desenvolvimento do Rio Grande Do Norte. Açudes Públicos do Rio Grande do Norte. Características Físicas e Técnicas – Fundação Instituto de Desenvolvimento do Rio Grande do Norte. Natal/RN, p. 68, 1991.
JACOMINE, P. K. T. et al. Levantamento exploratório-reconhecimento de solos do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Embrapa Solos-Séries anteriores (INFOTECA-E), p.536, 1971.
KHITROV, N. B. Properties and regimes of vertisols with gilgai microtopography (a review). Eurasian Soil Science, v. 49, n. 3, p. 257-271, 2016a.
KHITROV, N. B. Vertisols with gilgai microtopography: classification and parameters of microtopography and morphological types of soils (a review). Eurasian Soil Science, v. 49, n. 2, p. 125-144, 2016b.
KHITROV, N. B. The genesis of vertisols with gilgai microtopography: A review. Eurasian Soil Science, v. 49, n. 5, p. 489-497, 2016c.
KOVDA, I.V.; MORGUN, Y.G.; ALEKSEYEVA, T.V. 1992. Development of gilgai soil cover in central Ciscaucasia. Eurasian Soil Science. v. 24, p. 28–45, 1992
LIMA, G. K. Caracterização dos Vertissolos do Nordeste brasileiro. p. 1-101. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciência do Solo) – Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Agronomia, Recife, 2014.
LUCENA, R. L. et al. Variabilidade climática no município de Caicó/RN: secas e chuvas num arquétipo do clima semiárido do Nordeste brasileiro. CLIMEP-Climatologia e Estudos da Paisagem, v. 8, n. 2, p.23, 2013.
MAXWELL, B. Influence of horizontal stresses on gilgai landforms. Journal of geotechnical engineering, v. 120, n. 8, p. 1437-1444, 1994.
MELO, A. B. C.; CAVALCANTI, I. F. A.; SOUZA, P. P. Zona de Convergência Intertropical do Atlântico. In: CAVALCANTI, I. F. A.; FERREIRA, N. J.; SILVA, M. G. A. J.; DIAS, M. A. F. S. (Org.). Tempo e Clima no Brasil. São Paulo: Oficina de Textos. p. 26-42. 2009.
MERMUT, A.R.; DASOG, G.S.; DOWUONA, G.N. Soil Morphology. In: AHMAD, N., MERMUT, A. (Eds.), Vertisols and technologies for their management. Amsterdam: Elsevier, p. 89-114, 1996.
NASCIMENTO, M. A. L.; MEDEIROS, V. C. Litofácies da Formação Jucurutu (porção basal do Grupo Seridó) na folha Currais Novos (SB-24-ZB-II), domínio Rio Grande do Norte (Província Borborema, NE do Brasil). In: 44° Congresso Brasileiro de Geologia, 2008. Anais..., 2008. p. 91.
PATON, T. R. Origin and terminology for gilgai in Australia. Geoderma, v. 11, n. 3, p. 221-242, 1974.
SANTOS, A. D.; VITAL, S. R. Riscos Geomorfológicos No Município De Caicó-RN. Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física, v. 13, n. 2, p. 434-448, 2020.
SANTOS, R. C. et al. Estoques de volume, biomassa e carbono na madeira de espécies da Caatinga em Caicó, RN. Pesquisa Florestal Brasileira, v. 36, n. 85, p. 1-7, 2016.
SILVA, M. A. Magmatismo granítico neoproterozoico no domínio Rio Piranhas-Seridó: geologia e petrologia do Stock Serra da Acauã. p. 78, Dissertação de Mestrado - UFRN, Natal, 2018.
SOUZA, Z. S.; MARTIN, H.; MACEDO, M. H. F.; PEUCAT, J. J. ; JARDIM, E. F. Un segment de croûte continentale juvénille d´âge protérozoique inférieur: le Complexe de Caicó (Rio Grande do Norte, NE-Brésil). Comptes rendus de l'Académie des Sciences Paris, v. 316, p. 201-208. 1993.
SOUZA, Z. S. ; MARTIN, H.; PEUCAT, J. J. ; JARDIM, E. F. ; MACEDO, M. H. F. Calcalkaline magmatism at the Archean-Proterozoic transition: the Caicó complex basement (NE Brazil). Journal of Petrology, v. 48, p. 2149-2185, 2007
VERGER, F. "Mottureaux et gilgais", Annales de géographie. v. 73, p. 413–430, 1964.
WONDZELL, S.M.; CORNELIUS, J.M.; CUNNINGHAM, G.L. Vegetation patterns, microtopography, and soils on a Chihuahuan desert playa. Journal of Vegetation Science. p. 403-410, 1990
