International Journal Semiarid

USE AND OCCUPATION OF THE NHARTANDA VALLEY RESPIRATOR AND WETLANDS ON THE ZAMBEZI RIVER IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF TETE: COMMUNITY PERCEPTION, AND SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS

Mateus José Andir — 2024-02-01

The present article aims to delve into the use and occupation of the Nhartanda Valley breathing space and the wetlands along the Zambezi River in the Municipality of Tete, seeking to understand the community's perception of the socio-environmental risks associated with the use and occupation of this area. This area is considered a partial protection zone as it serves as a breathing space for the Zambezi River, where waters tend to flow during peak levels. It also constitutes the aquifer used to supply water to the population within the Municipality of Tete, with ongoing projects to expand water supply using this aquifer to the city of Moatize. Currently, the population of neighborhoods surrounding the Nhartanda Valley is extending their occupations for various purposes, including the continued practice of open defecation in the area. Despite this scenario, the municipality granted one of the region's major wetlands to a businessman for construction purposes in the Nhartanda Valley area, near the STEIA intersection. This decision could have serious environmental implications, in addition to increasing socio-environmental risks for the local population. From a methodological perspective, the study employed a mixed-methods approach, exploratory in nature with an explanatory focus. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) cartographic methods were primarily applied. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews, direct and indirect observation (based on satellite imagery for environmental analyses), and document analysis. The results concluded that the Nhartanda Valley is exposed to various flood risks, which could result in the loss of human lives and material damage. This vulnerability is exacerbated by a lack of awareness from both the municipality and the population. The municipality has allowed occupations in the area, often driven by political interests aimed at gaining electoral support, and has approved projects reflecting private or familial interests. On the other hand, the population, ignoring socio-environmental risks, has occupied the area for housing construction, the production of fired bricks, and open defecation practices, thereby endangering the aquifer, which is essential for water supply.

GEOGRAPHICAL CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF SACRED SPACES IN THE LOCAL TRADITIONAL COMMUNITY OF CHUPANGA (2007-2015)

Maurício José Artur Tomás — 2025-03-16

Abstract
The Geographical Contribution to the Knowledge of Sacred Spaces in the Local Traditional Community of Chupanga (2007-2015) is a sociocultural approach aimed at recovering the importance of Sacred Spaces in Communities in Mozambique. The motivation for conducting this study is justified by the fact that in this locality, most of the population is unaware of the value and possible meanings of Sacred Spaces, which are seen as both landscapes and spaces of their own lives, where the “lived experience” takes on different specifications based on individual experiences and social representations. The methodology of symbolic interactionism, primarily articulated through an ethnographic approach, allowed us to understand, along with the affected populations, the knowledge of the local culture. Therefore, the customary practices of the local traditional communities in Chupanga do not align with these spaces, instead valuing the historical-cultural heritage of their diverse communities. For this reason, Chupanga, as an entity of the established government, requires an organization and management of its historical-archaeological documentation, photo-videographic records, oral history recordings, etc., aiming not only at legal use but, more importantly, at educational and academic research use. This would elevate the traditional historical-cultural knowledge and the scientific knowledge of the district and country, generating a protected heritage legacy for future generations. Actions related to the conservation and preservation of Chupanga's Sacred Spaces directly and indirectly lead us to formulate plans and projects focused on ecological and heritage education, aimed at schools and the wider community. These actions involve socio-ecological aspects, protected landscapes, and sustainable rural development, considering the multifunctionality of its landscapes.

Keywords: Sacred Spaces, Chupanga, Mozambique

USING GEOTECHNOLOGIES TO SPATIALLY ANALYSE THE RISK OF FIRES IN MÁGOÈ NATIONAL PARK, MOÇAMBIQUE

Jorge Eusébio Chagaca Gulambondo — 2024-02-01

Fires are one of the world's major environmental problems, as they are responsible for causing immense damage to natural ecosystems and agro-ecosystems due to the pressure these areas are under as a result of the need for new areas for anthropogenic activities, such as livestock farming, sport and subsistence hunting, logging for charcoal production, fishing, among other activities that cause huge losses of biodiversity. Fires represent a significant threat to sensitive ecosystems, especially in protected areas such as Mágoè National Park, located in Tete province, Mozambique. This study uses advanced geotechnologies, including remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), to identify, map and understand the factors that contribute to the risk of fires in the region. This research aimed to analyse the areas at risk of fires in Mágoè National Park and specifically to develop a model using the combined effect of different factors such as fuel, topography, proximity to access roads, climate, elephant density, giving weight to each parameter as well as its contribution or importance in the process of igniting fires, and mapping the spatial variability of the risk of fires in Mágoè National Park. The methodology was based on analysing satellite images (Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2), environmental indices such as NDVI and FWI, as well as climatic data and historical fire outbreaks. The results showed that the areas most susceptible to fires are associated with miombo vegetation and the proximity of human communities, where anthropogenic interaction is intense. This work reinforces the importance of geotechnologies as strategic tools in planning forest fire management and prevention measures, contributing to environmental preservation and mitigating the impacts of fires in Mágoè National Park.

AMBIENTE BIOCLIMÁTICO DA CIDADE DE TETE: DESMISTIFICANDO O MISTÉRIO DO CALOR INTENSO

Jorge Eusebio Chagaca Gulambondo — 2025-03-16

The city of Tete, located in central Mozambique, is known for its extremely high temperatures, making it the hottest city in the country. This study aims to analyse the bioclimatic environment of the city of Tete, identifying the natural and anthropogenic factors that contribute to the intense heat and proposing mitigation strategies. The methodology adopted includes a qualitative and quantitative approach, combining a literature review, analysis of historical meteorological data and observation of urban patterns. Long-term climatological data from local weather stations was used to assess thermal variation and the influence of factors such as insolation, humidity, wind speed and vegetation cover. In addition, remote sensing and geoprocessing techniques were applied to map urban heat islands and identify areas of greater thermal vulnerability. The preliminary results indicate that the geographical location of Tete, in a valley with low humidity and intense solar radiation, contributes significantly to the high temperatures. In addition, rapid urbanisation, the reduction of vegetation and the predominant use of building materials that retain heat exacerbate the phenomenon. The lack of adequate infrastructure for ventilation and shading in residential and commercial areas also exacerbates the thermal sensation in the city. Finally, the study suggests measures to minimise the effects of intense heat, including increasing urban afforestation, implementing sustainable materials in construction and developing urban planning policies that consider the population's thermal comfort. In this way, it is hoped to contribute to a better quality of life for the inhabitants and the city's adaptation to climate change.

VULNERABILIDADE AMBIENTAL NA RESERVA NACIONAL DE POMENE NA PROVINCIA DE INHAMBANE EM MOÇAMBIQUE

Alvar Pedro Almeida Luis — 2025-02-20

A preservação dos ecossistemas nas áreas de conservação é de extrema importância, tendo em vista o seu potencial ecológico e ambiental, assim como, o seu interesse para o desenvolvimento socioeconômico. A Reserva Nacional de Pomene está localizada na zona costeira, Província de Inhambane, no sul de Moçambique. Neste cenário, o objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a vulnerabilidade ambiental, com auxílio de geoecologias, no âmbito da conservação de espécies protegidas na Reserva Especial de Pomene, situado na zona costeira da província de Inhambane, no distrito de Massinga. Para a obtenção da varável de uso e ocupação da terra, usou-se imagens digitais correspondentes à área do RNP. Foram abordados os procedimentos metodológicos adotados para a análise e caracterização da vulnerabilidade desde o uso e ocupação da terra, distância euclidiana das variáveis antrópicas, lógica fuzzy das variáveis matriciais antrópicas, e vulnerabilidade ambiental por meio da fuzzyficação Gama. Os resultados da análise da vulnerabilidade ambiental da Reserva Nacional de Pomene situada na província de Inhambane no distrito da Massinga, mostraram que as regiões nordeste e sudeste da Reserva com maior habitação e agricultura apresentaram maior vulnerabilidade de 39.22% cobrindo uma área de 19.81%, ou seja vulnerabilidade muito alta, com características da componente graminal devido as atividades de agricultura e pousio.

EVALUATION OF VODKA PRODUCED FROM THE FERMENTATION OF A MIXTURE OF BANANA PULP (Musa spp) WITH INHAME (Colocasia esculenta).

Matias Alberto Sozinho Quiraque — 2024-02-01

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the production of vodka from the fermentation of a mixture of banana pulp (Musa spp) and yam (Colocasia esculenta). A completely causalized design was used with four treatments and three replications in each treatment. The formulations were developed as follows: (T1- 20% banana pulp broth and 70% yam broth, T2- 30% banana pulp broth and 60% yam broth, T3- 40% banana pulp broth and 50% yam broth, T4- 50% banana pulp broth and 40% yam broth). In all treatments, 10% sugar was added. During the fermentations, samples were taken aseptically at intervals of 0, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours for analysis of Hydrogen Potential (pH), Total Titratable Acidity (ATT), Total Soluble Solids (TSS), Fixed Acidity (Ac. F), Volatile Acidity (Ac. V), Anhydrous Alcohol (Ac. A) and alcoholic strength. The data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis (ANOVA and Tukey's test). The elaborated drink (vodka) had a content ranging from 33 to 44 % (v/v at 20 °C), pH ranged from 4.09 to 4.24, total soluble solids from 13.32 to 6.47 °Brix, titratable acidity from 6.72 to 11.26 mg/100mL, Volatile Acidity ranged from 1.60 to 6.44 mg/100mL, Anhydrous Alcohol from 8.87 to 13.64 mg/100mL. All the treatments showed satisfactory results in terms of aroma, flavor and overall impression, except for the treatment with the highest concentration of yam and the lowest concentration of banana pulp (T1), which did not show satisfactory results in terms of alcohol content. Thus, it can be concluded that the raw material used in production is viable for obtaining vodka.

REFLECTIONS ON THE USE OF THE “INTERVENTION PROJECT” METHODOLOGY IN ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AND PROPOSAL FOR METHODOLOGICAL ADAPTATION

Flávia Ingrid Bezerra Paiva Gomes — 2025-04-13

A Educação ambiental, além de componente curricular estabelecida pelas normativas curriculares da Educação, figurando inclusive entre os temas transversais, é fonte de esperança junto à comunidade ambientalista global que vê nela a semente potencial de germinação de uma nova consciência humana socioambiental, que não apenas se preocupe com o futuro do planeta, mas se compreenda como parte dele. Apesar de tão grande importância a forma como a educação ambiental é trabalhada carece de reflexões acerca de sua eficácia. Uma das principais formas de trabalhar educação ambiental no Brasil é através dos "projetos de intervenção". Esta metodologia, apesar de bastante eficiente em diversas áreas, tem em seu bojo metodológico passos que a fazem pouco eficaz ao trabalhar as questões ambientais. Propomos-nos na presente pesquisa em analisar o porquê os "projetos de intervenção" são pouco eficazes em Educação Ambiental e sugerir, a partir da experiência docente da autora e de toda uma turma de educadores ambientais de Crateús-Ceará, uma adequação à metodologia "projeto de intervenção" que a torne mais eficaz em Educação Ambiental, ou seja, que possibilité a formação de cidadãos críticos, que enxerguem os problemas ambientais como seus, se percebam como parte do ambiente, em seus problemas, mas também em soluções para um novo paradigma de convivência mais harmônica com o Planeta e todos os seres vivos.

DEVELOPMENT OF VEGAN BURGER MADE FROM CASSAVA WITH REDUCED SODIUM CONTENT

Jaime Elias Jaime Jemusse — 2024-02-01

The aim of this study was to develop a vegan burger made from cassava with reduced sodium content and added potassium chloride. Four formulations were produced containing 100% NaCl; 25% KCl + 75% NaCl; 50% KCl + 50% NaCl; 75% KCl + 25% NaCl. A Completely Causalized Design (CID) was used with 3 replications, giving a total of 12 formulations. The formulations were evaluated for physical and chemical parameters such as pH, titratable acidity, color, moisture, ash, protein, fat and carbohydrates. The pH ranged from 5.54 to 6.71. The acidity ranged from 0.63 to 1.2. As for color, it was observed that the L* values ranged from 21.21 to 18.98; a* ranged from 0.3833 to 0.3767; b* ranged from 0.3600 to 0.3800. Moisture ranged from 53.96 to 52.42; Ash ranged from 53.60 to 50.71; Protein was 12.33g; Fat ranged from 37.60g to 31.2g; Carbohydrates ranged from 57.49 to 48.1; A sensory analysis was carried out using a hedonic scale with untrained tasters. The centesimal composition indicated that the moisture, protein and ash contents increased with the increase in KCl. As for the fat content, the formulation with 25% KCl + 75% NaCl showed the highest fat content when compared to the other hamburger results. The T2 formulation showed satisfactory results for the appearance, taste, texture, aroma and purchase intention parameters. Increasing the KCl content to 75% caused a change in flavor, i.e. a bitter taste in the burger. It can be concluded that the use of KCl up to 25% is an alternative and viable ingredient in the development of cassava burgers when incorporated into the formulation as a partial substitute for NaCl.

URBAN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE PERIPHERAL NEIGHBORHOODS OF THE MUNICIPAL COUNCIL OF QUELIMANE-2022 á 2024

Esmeralda Costa Ramos — 2025-03-16

A deficiente gestão dos resíduos sólidos tem sido um dos problemas que afectam muitos bairros
periféricos em Moçambique incluindo a Cidade de Quelimane e seus arredores. Neste contexto,
objectivo deste estudo é de identificar os factores que contribuem para a problemática da gestão de
resíduos sólidos nos bairros de Icidua, Brandão e Manhaua. Para tal foi feita uma escolha intencional a
90 residentes, 6 secretários dos bairros em alusão e três técnicos do Conselho Autárquico de Quelimane,
fez-se a observação directa e entrevista aos participantes. A pesquisa caracteriza o modelo de gestão de
resíduos sólidos usados pela autarquia e residentes de Quelimane. Os resultados mostraram que o
modelo de gestão de resíduos sólidos compreende a colecta, transporte e eliminação do lixo. Depois de
analisados os factores que contribuem na dinâmica de gestão de resíduos sólidos constatou-se que a
Autarquia de Quelimane não possui um sistema de GRSU eficiente, fato que gera grandes problemas e
desafios: há falta de contentores para descarte comunitário, atrasos na remoção de resíduos, o que
provoca o amontoamento de resíduos sólidos nos bairros em estudo são os poucos meios para realizar
as actividades, falta de recursos financeiros, aterros sanitários, ausência de consciencialização dos
moradores e difícil acesso de alguns bairros. Pode-se concluir que os bairros encontram-se em mau
estado sanitário o que periga o meio ambiente e a saúde pública. Esta pesquisa propõe a adopção do
modelo de gestão integrada de resíduos sólidos, capacitação ampla e contínua dos colaboradores,
selecção dos resíduos sólidos, redução da quantidade de resíduos produzidos, realização de campanhas
para consciencializar as comunidades para a utilização correcta dos alimentos, evitando desperdícios e
consumo supérfluos e criação de aterros sanitários.

MAKING SAKE FROM THE ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION OF PARBOILED BROKEN RICE (ORYZA SAIVA L.).

Moisés João Manhoca — 2025-02-20

During the traditional or industrial processing of rice, various by-products are produced, such as the husk, bran and broken rice. Broken rice has been little valued in the food sector, being used more as animal feed. However, the broken rice has a high concentration of starch, which is a fermentable substrate. The aim of this study was to investigate the reuse of broken rice for sake production. Sake is an alcoholic rice drink obtained by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, using the fungus Aspergillus oryzae and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with an alcohol content ranging from 14 to 26 °GL at 20 °C. To carry out this study, the Completely Causalized Design (CID) was used, in which four treatments with different formulations were prepared, considering two variables, broken rice and concentration of total soluble solids (°Brix), in triplicate for each treatment, totaling 12 repetitions. The sake production process began with steaming the rice, followed by the production of koji rice with the fungus Aspergillus oryzae. The musts were inoculated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast, and the fermentation process was monitored by measuring the parameters (pH, total soluble solids and total titratable acidity) every 24 hours for 144 hours. After the beverage was produced, the physicochemical parameters (pH, total soluble solids, total titratable acidity, color and alcohol content) were analyzed. The sake produced after 144 hours of fermentation had the following average values for the parameters analyzed: pH ranging from 3.41 to 3.60; total soluble solids (°Brix) from 4.67 to 11.33; total titratable acidity (ATT) from 78.86 to 113.18 mEq/L; L* color coordinates ranging from 75.10 to 76.70; a* from -0.33 to -0.44; b* from 0.81 to 1.81; C* from 0.47 to 1.71; and °h angle from 62.40 to 77.76; as well as alcohol content from 4.60 to 14.67. The treatments with the highest amounts of crack and the lowest concentration of total soluble solids had the highest alcohol content. In general, the drink obtained from the fermentation of broken rice showed good characteristics and could be an economic alternative for small rice producers in the city of Beira.

EVALUATION BEYOND EXCLUSION: THE CHALLENGES OF CONTINUOUS EVALUATION AND FOR GEOGRAPHY LEARNING

Antonia Maria Rodrigues de Sousa — 2025-02-20

The evaluation is a relevant topic, and in educational practice it is complex and considered thorny. Geographical knowledge is relevant to understanding socio-spatial phenomena, and formative evaluation can contribute to meaningful learning. However, schools still experience evaluation that is disconnected from the teaching process, focused on an end, which diverges from its role. In this context, the question is: how does the evaluation developed in schools provide improvements in the teaching and learning of Geography? It is important to think of a teaching practice in which the student feels like a subject of the knowledge construction process and in which evaluation is an element of interaction between the subjects of the teaching-learning process. In this sense, this article had the general objective of: analyzing whether the way evaluation is being developed in schools provides improvements in the teaching and learning of Geography; and the specific objectives: recognizing the difference between an exam and an evaluation in a way that provides reflections on what is being developed in schools; perceiving evaluation as an ongoing practice that contributes to improvements in teaching and learning; and reflecting on the challenges of an ongoing and inclusive evaluation in the teaching-learning of Geography. Exams are still predominant in schools and that formative evaluation is integrative and inclusive and can be fundamental to the progress of students. In teaching Geography, formative evaluation is already part of the teaching process, but teaching based on evaluation requires epistemic and methodological knowledge on the part of the teacher, in addition to needing to consider different variables that intervene in the teaching-learning process. It can be said that in teaching Geography, continuous evaluation, with formative intention, is already part of the teaching process, even if timidly. However, working with this concept of evaluation requires working conditions, dedication and time on the part of the teacher, support from the school and the community, and needs to consider all the variables that are involved. In addition, it requires epistemic and methodological knowledge, without disregarding experience. For the educational system, evaluation has the character of an examination; changing this concept requires time and proof that formative evaluation is what contributes to comprehensive citizenship education.